Sure, here is a list of common syscalls available for use in assembly code with the GNU Assembler (GAS) on Linux systems. These syscalls are typically accessed via the syscall instruction in x86_64 architecture. Note that syscall numbers can vary by architecture and kernel version.

Common Syscalls and Their Numbers (x86_64)

1. exit: Terminate a process

   • Syscall Number: 60

2. fork: Create a new process

   • Syscall Number: 57

3. read: Read from a file descriptor

   • Syscall Number: 0

4. write: Write to a file descriptor

   • Syscall Number: 1

5. open: Open a file

   • Syscall Number: 2

6. close: Close a file descriptor

   • Syscall Number: 3

7. stat: Get file status

   • Syscall Number: 4

8. fstat: Get file status (using file descriptor)

   • Syscall Number: 5

9. lstat: Get file status (like stat, but follows symlinks)

   • Syscall Number: 6

10. mmap: Map files or devices into memory

    • Syscall Number: 9

11. mprotect: Set protection on a region of memory

    • Syscall Number: 10

12. munmap: Unmap files or devices from memory

    • Syscall Number: 11

13. brk: Change data segment size

    • Syscall Number: 12

14. socket: Create a socket

    • Syscall Number: 41

15. connect: Connect a socket to an address

    • Syscall Number: 42

16. accept: Accept a connection on a socket

    • Syscall Number: 43

17. sendto: Send a message on a socket

    • Syscall Number: 44

18. recvfrom: Receive a message from a socket

    • Syscall Number: 45

19. sendmsg: Send a message on a socket

    • Syscall Number: 46

20. recvmsg: Receive a message from a socket

    • Syscall Number: 47

21. shutdown: Shut down part of a full-duplex connection

    • Syscall Number: 48

22. bind: Bind a name to a socket

    • Syscall Number: 49

23. listen: Listen for connections on a socket

    • Syscall Number: 50

24. getsockname: Get socket name

    • Syscall Number: 51

25. getpeername: Get peer name

    • Syscall Number: 52

26. socketpair: Create a pair of connected sockets

    • Syscall Number: 53

27. fork: Create a child process

    • Syscall Number: 57

28. execve: Execute a program

    • Syscall Number: 59

29. wait4: Wait for a process to change state

    • Syscall Number: 61

30. sigreturn: Return from a signal handler

    • Syscall Number: 63

31. setrlimit: Set resource limits

    • Syscall Number: 75

32. getrlimit: Get resource limits

    • Syscall Number: 76

33. poll: Poll file descriptors

    • Syscall Number: 7

34. eventfd2: Create an eventfd object

    • Syscall Number: 284

This list covers a range of common syscalls, but there are many more available depending on the specific needs and kernel version. For a complete and up-to-date list of syscalls and their numbers, refer to the official Linux man pages (man 2 syscall) or the Linux kernel source.

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